Glossary
IPO and stock market terms, explained
111 terms, each with a plain-English definition and a full explainer behind it.
A
- A-One Steels India IPO
- A-One Steels India's IPO, at ₹385–₹405 a share, was open from 24 September 2026 to 28 September 2026 and listed on 1 October 2026. The dates, the money, the ratios the prospectus…
- Acme India Industries IPO
- Acme India Industries' SME IPO is open from 30 September 2026 to 6 October 2026, at ₹196 a share. The dates, the money, the ratios the prospectus discloses, and an honest note on…
- Adroit Industries (india) IPO
- Adroit Industries (India)'s IPO, at ₹126–₹134 a share, was open from 23 September 2026 to 25 September 2026 and listed on 30 September 2026. The dates, the money, the ratios the…
- Anchor Investors in IPO
- Shortly before an Indian IPO opens for public bidding, a separate book is filled and closed by large institutions in one session, and the allotment is disclosed to the exchanges…
- Armee Infotech IPO
- ArMee Infotech's IPO, at ₹350–₹375 a share, was open from 23 September 2026 to 25 September 2026 and listed on 30 September 2026. The dates, the money, the ratios the prospectus…
- ASBA
- When you apply for an Indian IPO, the application money does not leave your bank account. It is marked and held there until the allotment is known.
B
- Basis of Allotment
- A few days after an IPO closes, the registrar files a document called the Basis of Allotment. It is short, unglamorous and the only official explanation of why you received one…
- BE Series
- BE is NSE's trade-for-trade series: every trade must end in actual delivery and full payment, so intraday buys and sells in the same stock are never netted against each other.
- Bid Price vs Ask Price
- The bid is the highest price a buyer is offering for a share and the ask is the lowest a seller will accept. The gap between them — the bid-ask spread — is what trading…
- Biggest Airlines in the World By Revenue 2026
- Delta Air Lines is the world’s biggest listed airline by revenue at $68.3 billion a year. InterGlobe Aviation, which runs IndiGo, is 22nd at $10.0 billion — even though IndiGo…
- Book Value
- Book value is a company's assets minus its liabilities — the shareholders' equity on the balance sheet. Divided by the share count it becomes book value per share, the number…
- Bull Market vs Bear Market
- A bull market is a sustained broad rise in share prices; a bear market is a deep, extended decline. Neither label has an official definition in India — here is how each is applied…
- Busiest Airlines in the World By Flights
- Counted by the number of flights it operates, IndiGo is the eighth-busiest airline on the planet — ahead of Air China, easyJet, Lufthansa and Emirates. Here is what the ranking…
- BZ Series
- BZ is NSE's series for shares of companies that have breached listing regulations. BZ stocks settle trade-for-trade: every trade ends in delivery, so intraday is impossible and…
C
- Circuit Limits
- A circuit limit is the most a price can move in one session: stocks get daily bands of 2-20% around the previous close, and the whole market halts on a 10, 15 or 20% index move.
- Countries That Make the World Electronics
- China accounts for nearly three-fifths of global digital hardware capacity. Taiwan, South Korea and Japan take another fifth between them. India is fifth at 3.8% — ahead of the…
D
- Deepa Jewellers IPO
- Deepa Jewellers opened its mainboard IPO on 1 September 2026. Unlike a consumer-facing jewellery chain, it primarily designs, gets jewellery manufactured and supplies products…
- Demat Account vs Trading Account
- A trading account sends buy and sell orders to the exchange; a demat account holds your securities after settlement. One executes transactions, the other stores ownership.
- Dividend
- A dividend is a cash distribution from a company's profits or free reserves, paid per share to holders on the record date. The board sets the amount, and no equity dividend is…
- Dove Soft IPO
- Dove Soft's SME IPO is open from 30 September 2026 to 5 October 2026, at ₹111 a share. The dates, the money, the ratios the prospectus discloses, and an honest note on the…
- DRHP
- A Draft Red Herring Prospectus is the detailed offer document a company files with SEBI before an IPO, containing restated financials, risk factors, litigation history and the…
E
- Elevate Campuses IPO
- Elevate Campuses' IPO, at ₹343–₹362 a share, was open from 23 September 2026 to 25 September 2026 and listed on 30 September 2026. The dates, the money, the ratios the prospectus…
- EQ Series
- EQ is NSE's series code for shares in the normal market: delivery and intraday trading are both allowed, and same-day trades are netted. The code says how a stock trades, not…
- Equity
- Equity is the owners' residual claim on a company: what remains of its assets after every liability is paid. The same word names the shares that carry this claim and the asset…
- Eventions IPO
- Eventions' SME IPO is open from 30 September 2026 to 5 October 2026, at ₹112–₹118 a share. The dates, the money, the ratios the prospectus discloses, and an honest note on the…
- Everestims Technologies IPO
- EverestIMS Technologies' SME IPO is open from 29 September 2026 to 5 October 2026, at ₹85 a share. The dates, the money, the ratios the prospectus discloses, and an honest note on…
- Ex Date vs Record Date
- The record date is when a company reads its register to fix who receives a dividend or bonus; the ex-date is the first trading day a buyer misses out. Under T+1, both fall on the…
F
- FII vs DII
- Understand the difference between foreign and domestic institutional investors and how their flows can influence Indian markets.
- Food Delivery Unit Economics
- A Bernstein comparison says Zomato and Swiggy earn close to Meituan's peak profit per order, even though China's market is about 22 times India's. Here is how food delivery unit…
- Fresh Issue vs Offer for Sale
- An Indian IPO is usually described in two parts: a fresh issue and an offer for sale. The two lines sit next to each other on the cover page but describe different transactions…
G
H
- Hero Motors IPO
- Hero Motors' IPO, at ₹79–₹84 a share, was open from 16 September 2026 to 18 September 2026 and listed on 23 September 2026. The dates, the money, the ratios the prospectus…
- How to Analyze IPO Financials
- The financial statements in an IPO offer document are restated onto one accounting basis so the years can be compared.
- How to Apply for an IPO
- Applying for an IPO takes a few minutes, but the sequence matters: a demat account linked to your PAN, a bid placed through a broker or a bank, and a payment mandate approved…
- How to Check IPO Allotment Status
- An IPO allotment result is produced by the issue registrar and then mirrored by exchanges, brokers, depositories and banks.
I
- IPO
- An initial public offering is the process through which a privately held company sells shares to the public for the first time and lists them on a stock exchange.
- IPO Allotment Process
- Between the moment bidding closes and the day a stock lists, a registrar has to match millions of bids against bank confirmations, throw out the ones that fail, allocate what is…
- IPO Face Value vs Issue Price
- Every IPO announcement carries two rupee figures that beginners routinely confuse. Face value is an accounting denomination fixed in the company's own records; issue price is what…
- IPO GMP
- Grey market premium is a quote from an informal, off-exchange network that trades unlisted IPO shares and IPO applications before listing day.
- IPO Issue Size
- Issue size is the number of shares an IPO offers multiplied by the issue price — the total value of the stock on sale, and not the company's valuation.
- IPO Listing Date
- The listing date is the first day a newly issued share can be bought or sold on the exchange.
- IPO Listing Gains
- Listing gain is a single subtraction: the first traded price minus the issue price, read as a percentage.
- IPO Listing Today
- Kanohar Electricals, Prasol Chemicals and Glass Wall Systems came to market on 16 September 2026. How each opened against the top of its price band, what the issues were, and the…
- IPO Listing Today 23 September 2026
- Three mainboard IPOs listed on 23 September 2026. Two opened well above their issue price and one opened below it — and the one that was subscribed the most was not the one that…
- IPO Lock-in Period
- When a company lists, most of its share capital cannot legally be sold yet. Lock-in is the rule that freezes those shares for a defined period.
- IPO Lot Size
- An IPO application form will not accept a request for 37 shares. Bids move in fixed bundles called lots, and that single design choice shapes the minimum cheque you write, the…
- IPO Opening Today
- National Stock Exchange of India, Sonaselection India, Kheria Autocomp and SpectraA Technology Solutions open for bidding on 17 September 2026 and close on 21 September 2026. The…
- IPO Oversubscription
- When an issue is reported as subscribed a certain number of times, that figure is a simple ratio of shares bid for to shares offered.
- IPO Price Band
- A book-built IPO opens with two numbers rather than one: a floor price and a cap price.
- IPO Refund Process
- In an Indian public issue your application money never leaves your bank account, so a refund today means the release of a block rather than the return of a payment.
- IPO Registrar
- The registrar to the issue is the SEBI-registered agency that reconciles every bid against every bank block, decides which applications are technically valid, runs the allotment…
- IPO Risks for Retail Investors
- A plain inventory of what can go wrong when a retail investor applies to a public issue: the price is set by the seller, the disclosure record is short and issuer-authored, locked…
- IPO Subscription Data
- Every IPO subscription figure is one division: shares bidders asked for, divided by shares offered to that group.
- IPO UPI Mandate Failure
- You tap apply, the broker says the bid was submitted, and the approval request never reaches your payments app.
- IPO UPI Status Codes
- A lookup page for the exact string your broker or payments app put on the screen. UTIB and KKBK and the other four-letter bank codes, block request accepted by client, mandate…
- IPO Valuation
- An IPO price band is not an independent appraisal of what a company is worth. It is a number the seller proposes, supported by chosen metrics and a chosen peer set.
- ISIN Number
- An ISIN is a twelve-character code that identifies exactly one security. In India NSDL allots it for most instruments, the RBI for government securities, and every demat holding…
J
- Jindal Supreme IPO
- Jindal Supreme's IPO, at ₹93 a share, was open from 16 September 2026 to 18 September 2026 and listed on 23 September 2026. The dates, the money, the ratios the prospectus…
- Jio IPO
- Jio Platforms filed its draft prospectus in June 2026 and cleared SEBI in August. But the entity listing is not the one most people think, there is no demerger, RIL does not own…
K
- Kanohar Electricals IPO
- Kanohar Electricals' IPO, at ₹601–₹632 a share, was open from 8 September 2026 to 10 September 2026 and listed on 16 September 2026. The dates, the money, the ratios the…
- Karamtara Engineering IPO
- Karamtara Engineering's IPO, at ₹241–₹254 a share, was open from 9 September 2026 to 11 September 2026 and listed on 17 September 2026. The dates, the money, the ratios the…
- Kheria Autocomp IPO
- Kheria Autocomp's SME IPO, at ₹96–₹101 a share, was open from 17 September 2026 to 21 September 2026 and listed on 24 September 2026. The dates, the money, the ratios the…
L
- Large Cap vs Mid Cap vs Small Cap
- In India, large cap means the top 100 listed companies by market capitalisation, mid cap the 101st to 250th, and small cap everything after — a rank-based line that AMFI redraws…
- Lcc Projects IPO
- LCC Projects' IPO, at ₹139–₹146 a share, was open from 9 September 2026 to 11 September 2026 and listed on 17 September 2026. The dates, the money, the ratios the prospectus…
- Lead Managers in an IPO
- Book running lead managers do the due diligence, draft the offer document, market the issue to institutions, build the book and recommend the price. They also work for the seller…
- Lumino Industries IPO
- “Lumino IPO” refers to Lumino Industries Limited, the Kolkata-based power-cable and EPC company. Its mainboard issue closed on 31 August 2026, so this is now an allotment-stage…
M
- Mainboard vs SME IPO
- Two companies can run a public issue in the same week and end up on completely different platforms with different rulebooks.
- Manika Plastech IPO
- Manika Plastech's IPO, at ₹40–₹43 a share, was open from 11 September 2026 to 16 September 2026 and listed on 21 September 2026. The dates, the money, the ratios the prospectus…
- Manipal Health IPO
- Manipal Health IPO 2026 brings one of India's largest healthcare companies to the stock market. Check IPO dates, price band, GMP, financials, strengths, risks, subscription…
- Market Capitalization
- Market capitalization is the current share price multiplied by a company's outstanding shares — the market value of its equity, and the number behind index weights and fund cap…
- Market Order vs Limit Order
- A market order executes immediately at the best price the order book offers; a limit order executes only at your named price or better. One buys certainty of execution, the other…
N
- NSE IPO
- After nearly a decade of blockage, NSE has filed its draft prospectus and cleared its legacy SEBI matters. But there is still no price band, no RHP and no confirmed date — and the…
- NSE vs BSE
- NSE and BSE are India's two SEBI-regulated stock exchanges. They share depositories and settlement rules but run separate order books, indices and symbols, so one share can show…
- Number of Trades
- Number of trades counts matched executions, while volume counts shares. Volume divided by trades gives average trade size — a quick read on whether activity was many small orders…
O
- Omara Ventures IPO
- Omara Ventures' SME IPO is open from 30 September 2026 to 5 October 2026, at ₹311 a share. The dates, the money, the ratios the prospectus discloses, and an honest note on the…
P
- Paramount Syntex IPO
- Paramount Syntex's SME IPO is open from 30 September 2026 to 6 October 2026, at ₹127 a share. The dates, the money, the ratios the prospectus discloses, and an honest note on the…
- Peer Comparison in an IPO
- Every Indian offer document carries a table comparing the issuer with listed peers. The companies in that table are selected by the issuer, and the selection quietly shapes…
- Pooja Logistics IPO
- Pooja Logistics' SME IPO, at ₹109–₹115 a share, was open from 23 September 2026 to 25 September 2026 and listed on 30 September 2026. The dates, the money, the ratios the…
- Prasol Chemicals IPO
- Prasol Chemicals' IPO, at ₹643–₹676 a share, was open from 8 September 2026 to 10 September 2026 and listed on 16 September 2026. The dates, the money, the ratios the prospectus…
- Pre-IPO Placement
- Before a company opens its public issue, it can sell shares privately to a small group of chosen investors. This note explains who buys in a pre-IPO placement, how such a round…
- Purple Style Labs IPO
- Purple Style Labs, the company behind Pernia’s Pop-Up Shop, opened its mainboard IPO on 31 August 2026. It gives public-market investors exposure to luxury designer fashion, but…
Q
- QIB NII Retail Categories in IPO
- Every mainboard IPO in India divides its shares among qualified institutional buyers, non-institutional investors and retail individual investors, with each group bidding into its…
R
- Rays of Belief IPO
- Rays of Belief opened its ₹125 crore mainboard issue on 1 September 2026. The offer is entirely fresh capital, so the company—not existing sellers—receives the net proceeds…
- Rentomojo IPO
- Rentomojo's IPO, at ₹384–₹404 a share, was open from 9 September 2026 to 11 September 2026 and listed on 17 September 2026. The dates, the money, the ratios the prospectus…
- RHP
- A Red Herring Prospectus is the document under which an IPO is actually offered to the public. It carries the dates, the bid lot and usually the price band, but not the final…
S
- Sensex vs Nifty 50
- The Sensex tracks 30 large companies on BSE; the Nifty 50 tracks 50 on NSE. Their constituents overlap heavily, so the two almost always move in the same direction — but never by…
- Shree Tnb Polymers IPO
- Shree TNB Polymers' SME IPO is open from 28 September 2026 to 5 October 2026, at ₹52 a share. The dates, the money, the ratios the prospectus discloses, and an honest note on the…
- Sollfege Smart Electronics IPO
- Sollfege Smart Electronics' SME IPO is open from 30 September 2026 to 5 October 2026, at ₹55 a share. The dates, the money, the ratios the prospectus discloses, and an honest note…
- Sonaselection India IPO
- Sonaselection India's IPO, at ₹94–₹99 a share, was open from 17 September 2026 to 21 September 2026 and listed on 24 September 2026. The dates, the money, the ratios the…
- Ss Retail IPO
- SS Retail's IPO, at ₹403–₹424 a share, was open from 16 September 2026 to 18 September 2026 and listed on 23 September 2026. The dates, the money, the ratios the prospectus…
- Steamhouse India IPO
- Steamhouse India's IPO, at ₹77–₹81 a share, was open from 9 September 2026 to 11 September 2026 and listed on 17 September 2026. The dates, the money, the ratios the prospectus…
- Stock Market
- The stock market is the system of exchanges, brokers, clearing corporations and depositories through which listed shares are issued and traded — in India, on the NSE and BSE under…
- Swastika Infra IPO
- Swastika Infra's IPO, at ₹175–₹185 a share, was open from 23 September 2026 to 25 September 2026 and listed on 30 September 2026. The dates, the money, the ratios the prospectus…
T
- T+1 Settlement
- T+1 settlement means a share trade completes one working day after it happens: shares reach the buyer's demat account and sale money reaches the seller on the next working day…
- Tata Shapoorji Pallonji Relationship History
- The Shapoorji Pallonji family owns 18.37% of Tata Sons — the largest holding outside the Tata Trusts. It did not buy that stake from the Tatas. It traces to a loan made to a…
- Tata Sons IPO
- The Economic Times, as carried by NewsBytes, reports that a Tata Sons IPO could value the company at ₹9-12.5 lakh crore, but no IPO has been filed. This piece covers the RBI rule…
- Tna Solutions IPO
- TNA Solutions' SME IPO is open from 30 September 2026 to 6 October 2026, at ₹70 a share. The dates, the money, the ratios the prospectus discloses, and an honest note on the…
U
- UPI IPO Process
- Applying for an IPO through a broker means typing a UPI ID into a bid form and then approving a request on your phone. Between those two actions sits a chain of intermediaries.
- Upper Circuit vs Lower Circuit
- The upper circuit is the highest price a stock can trade at in a session and the lower circuit is the lowest, both set from the previous close. Hitting one blocks orders beyond it…
- Us Fed Rate Decision September 2026
- On 16 September 2026 the Federal Reserve raised its target range by a quarter point to 3.75–4%, unanimously. It was an increase, not the cut some headlines had been hoping for…
V
- Varmora Granito IPO
- Varmora Granito's IPO, at ₹140–₹148 a share, was open from 22 September 2026 to 24 September 2026 and listed on 29 September 2026. The dates, the money, the ratios the prospectus…
- Veegaland Developers IPO
- Veegaland Developers' IPO, at ₹130–₹140 a share, was open from 10 September 2026 to 15 September 2026 and listed on 18 September 2026. The dates, the money, the ratios the…
- Vinod Texworld IPO
- Vinod Texworld's SME IPO, at a fixed price of ₹94 a share, was open from 9 September 2026 to 11 September 2026 and listed on 17 September 2026. The dates, the money, the ratios…
- Vishal Nirmiti IPO
- Vishal Nirmiti's IPO is open from 30 September 2026 to 5 October 2026, at ₹208–₹220 a share. The dates, the money, the ratios the prospectus discloses, and an honest note on the…
- Volume vs Turnover
- Volume counts how many shares changed hands; turnover is the rupee value of those trades. Price bridges the two, which is why identical volumes can move wildly different amounts…
W
- Why Do Companies Launch an IPO?
- Going public is a financing choice with strings attached. Companies list to fund expansion without repayment obligations, to reduce borrowings, to let founders and early investors…